2022 Tax Changes Report Shows Domestic & Global Tax Trends & Updates

It’s impossible for one report to cover every aspect of transaction tax compliance. But Avalara Tax Changes 2022 tries.

Movie buffs may liken the report to an epic film like 1962’s Lawrence of Arabia, which clocks in at close to four hours, or the more contemporary Avengers: Endgame, which pushes past three. In truth, it may have more in common with Logistics, a “37-day-long road movie” that follows the life cycle of a pedometer in reverse, from a store shelf in Stockholm back to its origins in Bao’an, China.

Avalara Tax Changes 2022 covers key domestic sales and use tax changes as well as global tax changes challenging cross-border sellers. It explores many of the tax compliance issues facing retailers, manufacturers, and software businesses. And it provides an overview of changes affecting tax compliance for the hospitality, beverage alcohol, communications, tobacco/vape, and energy industries.

It’s a lot. And that’s OK, because businesses deal with a lot of tax compliance issues day in and day out.

Consider the following:

96% of midsize businesses and 65% of small businesses in the U.S. have changed in response to COVID-19
Shipping freight costs surged by 323% between September 2020 and September 2021
More than 60 countries have electronic invoicing requirements
200+ countries will adopt the new Harmonized Tariff Schedule on or after January 1, 2022
The EU and U.K. have eliminated VAT exemptions for low-value imports
136 countries have agreed to a global minimum tax plan
45 states plus Washington, D.C., categorize software up to 10 different ways for tax purposes

Read on for insights into what this all means.

COVID-19, the great disruptor

Everyone is tired of the COVID-19 pandemic. Too bad for us.

The disrupting effect COVID-19 has had on the economy can’t be underplayed. It’s led to factory closures and ship quarantines at port, which has clogged the global supply chain to an astonishing degree. On November 9, 2021, for example, 111 ships were waiting for a spot to unload at a Southern California port. Once products do come ashore, they often run into further delays due to a dearth of truck drivers or, as in British Columbia, collapsed bridges and washed-out highways. Because on top of everything else, there’s a global labor shortage and extreme weather.

The effect on tax compliance plays out like this: Companies unable to import products may seek new suppliers or storage facilities closer to home, which can give them nexus and an obligation to collect and remit sales tax in new places. Companies in need of employees may allow people to work from home in another state, which can also establish nexus. Retailers unable to source familiar products may add new SKUs that need to be properly identified for tax purposes. They may develop new drop-shipping relationships, which can complicate compliance. And, in a worst-case scenario, companies may need to offer refunds when sales cannot be fulfilled.

COVID-19 is complicating everything, really, but it’s not the only thing complicating sales and use tax compliance.

Remote sales tax is here to stay

In 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States issued a ruling that will be studied in constitutional law classes for decades to come. South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., overturned a long-standing physical presence rule that prevented states from imposing a sales tax collection obligation on remote sellers (i.e., out-of-state sellers with no physical tie to the state). Within three years of the ruling, nearly every state with a sales tax was taxing remote sales. The laggard, Missouri, will follow suit on January 1, 2023.

But like a fledgling leaving the nest for the first time, economic nexus laws are subject to fits and starts. To decrease chances of their laws being challenged, many states at first followed South Dakota’s lead and provided an exception for sellers with fewer than $100,000 in sales or 200 transactions in the state in the current or previous calendar year. Over time, some of the largest states like California raised their sales threshold to $500,000 and repealed the transaction threshold if they had one. Many other states abolished the transaction threshold, as well, but that didn’t eliminate the complexity for sellers. Economic nexus thresholds still vary from state to state, some including exempt sales and/or sales of services, some not. That means businesses dealing primarily or exclusively in exempt transactions can still establish economic nexus and an obligation to file sales tax returns.

Further complicating sales and use tax compliance is the fact that local governments in a handful of states enforce economic nexus at the local level, requiring remote sellers to register with and remit sales tax to the local tax department.

Businesses that sell through marketplace facilitators face additional complexity thanks to marketplace facilitator laws, which require certain marketplace facilitators to collect and remit the tax due on third-party sales. At first glance, marketplace facilitator laws simplify sales and use tax compliance for marketplaces sellers. Further scrutiny shows it can complicate it. Selling through a marketplace can establish economic nexus for the seller in some states (e.g., California), and even give a seller physical presence nexus in another state due to inventory housed in a marketplace warehouse.

Tax compliance is going digital

In the United States, the sales tax gap primarily stems from remote sellers failing to register (and therefore collect and remit sales tax) as required. In much of the rest of the world, the gap results from registered businesses intentionally or mistakenly misreporting value-added tax (VAT).

Some U.S. states mine data and use other tools to uncover unregistered businesses. Elsewhere in the world, many countries are imposing electronic invoicing, real-time reporting requirements, and other measures to catch fraudulent activity and mistakes as they happen. Avalara Tax Changes 2022 explores this growing trend.

A world of tax reform

Just about all commerce is global today, as the journey of a pedometer from Bao’an to Stockholm shows. And global ecommerce itself is growing, from approximately $1.672 trillion in 2015 to a staggering estimate of $4.921 trillion in 2021. With more businesses selling internationally, tax officials worldwide are working to ensure cross-border sales are properly taxed.

Most economic regions in the world are exploring or undergoing some degree of indirect tax reform, according to IDC MarketScape. There are new tax registration, collection, and remittance requirements for online sales into the EU and the U.K., as well as ongoing efforts to make tax digital. Companies doing business between Canada, Mexico, and the United States are learning to navigate the new NAFTA: the United States-Mexico-Canada-Agreement (USMCA).

And now there is the new global minimum tax deal, which will likely have far-reaching consequences.

Unique concerns for retail, manufacturing, and software businesses

The forces shaping tax compliance in 2022 are affecting different industries in different ways.

For example, retailers that established buy online, pick up in store options during the pandemic need to ensure their point-of-sale systems apply the proper tax rate to such transactions. Manufacturers need to pay close attention to new and changing tax credits. And software companies must be sure to source and tax the products and services they sell, many of which are in the spotlight because they saved our collective bacon during lengthy stay-at-home orders.

Of course, some tax policies can affect any business, no matter the sector. Economic nexus laws may establish new tax requirements for a business that sells socks, a business that makes socks, and a business that makes and sells software used by each of those two businesses.

These are just some of the issues addressed in Avalara Tax Changes 2022, a weighty report that strives to give you the information you need to stay in compliance as you grow your business in the coming year.

Read the report.

=========

Gail Cole is a writer for Avalara.